footshock delivery system  (Campden Instruments)

Journal: Brain Structure & Function

Article Title: Hippocampal microRNA-132 mediates stress-inducible cognitive deficits through its acetylcholinesterase target

doi: 10.1007/s00429-011-0376-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: AChE knockdown prevents the cognitive decline following footshock stress. a Mice subjected to CA1 hippocampal injection of lentivirus-mediated knockdown of AChE (shAChE) or irrelevant control virus (shCON) and un-injected stressed and naïve mice were exposed 3 weeks later to 7 unpredicted and inescapable footshock stress followed by EPM and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. b Hippocampal miR-132 mRNA levels increase by 63 and 100% in stressed and shCON stressed mice, but remained unchanged in shAChE stressed mice. ANOVA test: F 3,28 = 6.14, p < 0.003. Post hoc LSD test: naïve versus stressed * p < 0.05, versus shCON-infected and stressed *** p < 0.001; shCON-infected and stressed versus shAChE-infected and stressed mice ** p < 0.01. c Naïve mice spend more time in the EPM open arms than all stressed groups (one-way ANOVA: F 3,28 = 8.49, p < 0.001) . d Naïve and shAChE-infected stressed mice learn to reach the MWM hidden platform faster than stressed or shCON stressed mice. Two-way ANOVA: trial number ( F 11,323 = 12.33, p < 0.001), treatment ( F 3,323 = 10.11, p < 0.001), interaction (F 33,323 = 0.75, p = NS). Bonferroni post hoc comparison—trial no. 9: naïve versus stressed * p < 0.05, versus shCON-infected and stressed * p < 0.05, versus shAChE-infected and stressed p = NS. e Representative illustrations of mice swimming tracks in the MWM probe test ( gray circles : place of the missing platform in quadrant #1): Bottom shAChE stressed mouse. Top shCON stressed mouse. f Naïve and shAChE stressed groups display more crosses over the previously situated-platform quadrant. Two-way ANOVA: quadrant ( F 3,100 = 9.95, p < 0.0001), treatment ( F 3,100 = 0.002, p = NS), interaction ( F 9,100 = 3.38, p < 0.012). Bonferroni post hoc comparison for quadrant #1 (where the platform was previously situated): Naïve versus stressed * p < 0.05, versus shCON-infected and stressed * p < 0.05, versus shAChE-infected and stressed p = NS; shCON-infected and stressed versus shAChE-infected and stressed * p < 0.05

Article Snippet: Group housed C57Bl/6J 9 weeks old male mice were placed on well-soiled cat litter for 10 min (in use by the cat for 2 days, sifted for stools) (Cohen et al. ) or were placed in a footshock delivery system (Campden Instruments, UK) where they received seven inescapable electric footshocks (0.3 mA; 2 ms) at unequal intervals over a total period of 120 min.

Techniques: Knockdown, Injection, Control, Virus, Infection, Comparison

Journal: Brain Structure & Function

Article Title: Hippocampal microRNA-132 mediates stress-inducible cognitive deficits through its acetylcholinesterase target

doi: 10.1007/s00429-011-0376-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Integrated analysis of the 3 stress models. Shown in fold changes from controls are the inter-animal variability values and mean changes in hippocampal miR-132, AChE and p250GAP transcript levels in the predator scent ( a , Student’s t test: miR-132 ** p < 0.01, AChE p = NS, p250GAP ** p < 0.01), footshock ( b , Student’s t test: miR-132 * p < 0.05, AChE * p < 0.05, p250GAP * p < 0.05) and transgenic AChE ( c , Student’s t test: miR-132 ** p < 0.01, AChE * p < 0.05, p250GAP * p < 0.05) stress models employed in our study. d Scheme of the proposed mechanism involved

Article Snippet: Group housed C57Bl/6J 9 weeks old male mice were placed on well-soiled cat litter for 10 min (in use by the cat for 2 days, sifted for stools) (Cohen et al. ) or were placed in a footshock delivery system (Campden Instruments, UK) where they received seven inescapable electric footshocks (0.3 mA; 2 ms) at unequal intervals over a total period of 120 min.

Techniques: Transgenic Assay